Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) is a type of periodic motion characterized by the following characteristics:
a. Displacement:
- The displacement of an object in SHM is the distance of the object from its equilibrium position at any given time.
- It can be positive or negative and can change direction over time.
b. Amplitude:
- The amplitude of an object in SHM is the maximum displacement of the object from its equilibrium position.
- It is a measure of the intensity of the motion.
c. Phase:
- The phase of an object in SHM refers to its position in the cycle of its motion.
- It can be described in terms of an angle, with the equilibrium position being zero degrees and each complete cycle being 360 degrees.
d. Time Period:
- The time period of an object in SHM is the time taken for it to complete one full cycle of its motion.
- It is denoted by the symbol 'T' and is a constant for a given system.
e. Frequency:
- The frequency of an object in SHM is the number of cycles it completes in one second.
- It is denoted by the symbol 'f' and is related to the time period by the equation f = 1/T.
g. Restoring Force:
- The restoring force of an object in SHM is the force that acts on the object and tries to restore it to its equilibrium position.
- It is proportional to the displacement of the object and always acts in the direction towards the equilibrium position.
h. Phase Constant:
- The phase constant of an object in SHM is a constant that determines the phase relationship between its displacement, velocity, and acceleration.
- It is denoted by the symbol 'Φ' and is a measure of the phase difference between two oscillations.
In summary, Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) is a type of periodic motion characterized by its displacement, amplitude, phase, time period, frequency, restoring force, and phase constant. These characteristics determine the behavior of an object undergoing SHM and can be used to describe and analyze its motion.